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Exploring Asia Through an Interactive Map

Click on any region to access articles that reflect the histories and perspectives of that area.

Articles

SOUTH KOREA

Issue 003-2

The Competitive State: Exams and rankings as national tools

Living Inside Constant Comparison

Lindsay Jung, 11th Grade

Competition is something you feel every day, not only during exams.

 

Even in regular classes, there is a sense of comparison. Scores, mock tests, school rankings—it all connects. It’s hard to separate studying from competing.

 

What makes it more intense is that it doesn’t stay inside school. Parents, relatives, even friends sometimes ask about grades. It becomes part of daily conversation.

 

Because of this, students start to measure themselves based on numbers. A small difference in score can feel very big.

 

I think the system is designed to sort people clearly. Universities are ranked, and getting into a certain school is seen as success.

 

There are some changes now, like trying to reduce pressure or add different evaluation methods. But exams still have the strongest influence.

 

Sometimes I wonder what learning would feel like without constant comparison.

It’s hard to imagine.

 

Here, competition is not just a system. It becomes part of how students think about themselves.

Issue 003-1

The Competitive State: Exams and rankings as national tools

When Exams Decide Everything

Jayin Park, 10th Grade

The exams are not just part of school. They feel like something that controls your future.

 

From a young age, students are told that grades matter. By high school, it becomes even more serious. The college entrance exam is treated like one of the most important days in life.

 

Schools focus heavily on test results. Students stay late, go to academies after school, and keep studying even at home. It becomes a routine.

 

Ranking is also very visible. Students know their positions, and it’s hard not to compare. Even if teachers don’t always say it directly, the system makes it clear.

 

I think this reflects how the country developed quickly. Education became a way to move up in society. So exams became more important than anything else.

 

But at the same time, it creates stress. Sometimes it feels like everything depends on a few numbers.

 

People say it’s fair because everyone takes the same test. But not everyone starts from the same place.

 

Still, most students accept it. It’s just how things work here.

Issue 002

Lessons After War: How postwar history shaped discipline and schooling. Memory

Education After Division

Junyeon Lee, 10th Grade

The war we experienced is not something completely finished. The Korean War ended long ago, but the country is still divided. Because of this, history feels unfinished.

 

In school, we learn about the war and its consequences. Teachers often talk about security, national identity, and the importance of unity. These ideas are connected to discipline in school life.

 

There is a strong expectation to follow rules and respect authority. It feels like part of a larger system where order is important. Maybe this comes from a time when stability was necessary after the war.

 

At the same time, education is very competitive. Students are expected to work hard and succeed. This pressure is often explained as part of rebuilding the country and maintaining its position today.

 

I sometimes feel that this creates a strict environment. There is not always much space to question or explore freely. But many people accept it as normal.

 

Memory of the war also appears in small ways, like annual events or lessons about division. These reminders make it clear that history is still relevant.

 

For me, discipline in school is not only about personal success. It is connected to something bigger—a history that still affects how society works.

Issue 001-2

Unrecorded Voices Historical events, communities, stories left forgotten.

Care Work That No One Counts

Yoonji Song, 11th Grade

There are many social issues people talk about, but some things remain almost invisible. One of them is caregiving, and it indicates the kind of work that mostly women do at home, without pay or recognition.

In many families, women take care of children, elderly parents, and household tasks. Even when they have jobs, they are still expected to manage these responsibilities. It’s often seen as something natural, not something that needs to be questioned.

 

I started thinking about this by watching my own family. My grandmother spent her whole life taking care of others. She never described it as hard work. She just said it was what she was supposed to do. But when I really think about it, it was constant effort, every day, without a break.

This kind of labor doesn’t show up anywhere. It’s not in statistics or reports.

Because of that, people don’t always recognize its value. It’s just quietly expected.

In Korea, traditional ideas about family roles are still strong. Respecting elders and putting family first are important values. But at the same time, these expectations can limit people, especially women. Saying that something is unfair can feel uncomfortable or even wrong.
 

Things are slowly changing. More people are talking about sharing responsibilities. But the pace is not very fast.

I think these voices are “unrecorded” because they are too ordinary. They exist in everyday life, so people overlook them. But without this invisible work, families wouldn’t function.

Maybe the first step is simply noticing it—and admitting that it matters.

Issue 001-1

Unrecorded Voices Historical events, communities, stories left forgotten.

The People Behind Industrial Accidents

Jaden Yoon, 10th Grade

Now, Korea has advanced technology or global culture, but it doesn’t show everything. There are also workers who get hurt or even die while doing dangerous jobs, and their stories don’t last long in people’s minds.

I didn’t think much about this issue before. Then I saw a news story about a young worker who died at a factory. He wasn’t much older than me. For a few days, people talked about it. Then it disappeared from attention, like it never happened.

What bothered me wasn’t just the accident, but how quickly it was forgotten. It felt like the person’s life was reduced to a short headline. After that, everything moved on.

In Korea, working hard and moving fast has always been important. It helped the country grow quickly. But sometimes, that same mindset makes safety feel less important. Workers, especially temporary ones, are put in risky situations.

There’s also a kind of silence. People don’t always speak up, even if something feels unsafe. Maybe it’s because of hierarchy, or just fear of losing a job. In a culture where endurance is valued, complaining can feel like weakness.

I think these workers become “unrecorded voices” because they don’t have enough power to be remembered. They are not famous, and they don’t have influence. But their lives still matter.

If people like me don’t pay attention, nothing really changes. Remembering them is a small thing, but maybe it’s a start.

CHINA

Issue 002-2

Lessons After War: How postwar history shaped discipline and schooling. Memory

Remembering Through Education

Yuxin Chen, 10th Grade

History classes are not only about learning dates. They feel like a way of remembering something important that should not be forgotten. When we study events like the Nanjing Massacre, the atmosphere in the classroom becomes very quiet.

 

Teachers speak seriously, and students listen carefully. It is not like other subjects where people sometimes lose focus. There is a sense that this history demands attention.

 

Because of this, discipline in class is very strict, especially during these lessons. It is not written as a rule, but everyone understands it. Talking or not paying attention would feel disrespectful.

 

I think this shows how memory shapes behavior. We are not only learning what happened, but also how to respond to it. Respect becomes part of discipline.

 

At the same time, there is also emotional pressure. Some students feel sad or even uncomfortable, but we don’t always talk about those feelings. It is more common to stay silent.

 

In Chinese culture, collective memory is important. Remembering together creates unity. But sometimes it also means personal reactions are less visible.

 

After learning these topics, I feel that school is not just about knowledge. It is also about shaping how we think about the past and our role in the future.

 

Even though we did not experience the war ourselves, its memory still influences how we learn and how we act in school today.

Issue 002-1

Lessons After War: How postwar history shaped discipline and schooling. Memory

Discipline Shaped by Collective Memory

Zhang Wei, 11th Grade

When we learn history in school, war is not just a past event. It feels close, almost like something that still affects how we think and act today. In China, stories about the Second Sino-Japanese War are repeated often, not only in textbooks but also in daily life.

 

What I notice is how much discipline is connected to these memories. Teachers often remind us that the country was once weak and suffered because it was not strong enough. So now, studying hard is not just personal—it is connected to national responsibility.

 

In school, rules are strict. Being late, not finishing homework, or not paying attention is taken seriously. At first, it feels like normal school pressure. But when I think about it more, it seems related to something deeper. There is an idea that discipline leads to strength, and strength prevents history from repeating.

 

We also have activities like watching documentaries or visiting memorial sites.

These are not just educational. They create a shared feeling among students. It is not only about remembering facts, but about remembering emotions—fear, loss, and survival.

 

Sometimes I wonder if this kind of education leaves space for individual thinking.

Most of the time, we are encouraged to follow, not question. Maybe that is also part of the legacy.

 

War is over, but its influence remains in how we are taught to behave. Discipline is not just about school rules. It comes from a larger memory that continues to shape us.

Issue 001

Unrecorded Voices Historical events, communities, stories left forgotten.

Children Who Grow Up Without Parents Nearby
Li Xinyi, 9th Grade

People often describe China as fast and modern. Cities keep expanding, and everything seems to move forward. But where my grandparents live, life feels very different. There, I started noticing something I hadn’t really thought about before—many kids don’t live with their parents.

 

In my village, it’s normal for parents to leave for work in faraway cities. They send money back, but they can’t be there in daily life. Their children stay with grandparents, or sometimes manage on their own. At first, I thought this was just part of life. But the more I paid attention, the more it felt like something people don’t really talk about.

 

These children rarely complain. Even if they miss their parents, they don’t say it openly. In Chinese culture, there is this quiet understanding that family sacrifice is necessary. Adults say, “It’s all for the future,” and children learn to accept it. But acceptance doesn’t mean it doesn’t hurt.

 

I remember one girl I met. She proudly showed me how she cooks for herself after school. She smiled a lot, but when I asked about her parents, she just said, “They’re busy.” Then she changed the topic. That moment stayed with me.

School can also be difficult for them. Without parents around, no one checks homework or encourages them. Some students slowly lose interest. Others become too independent too early, like small adults.

I think these stories are “unrecorded” not because they don’t exist, but because they are too quiet. They don’t fit into the image of success that people like to show. But they are still part of real life in China.If we only look at big achievements, we miss these small, human experiences.

And maybe those matter just as much.

JAPAN

Issue 003

The Competitive State: Exams and rankings as national tools

Quiet Pressure Behind Rankings

Tanaka Haruto, 11th Grade

Classrooms are usually calm, and students don’t openly compare scores all the time. But that doesn’t mean competition isn’t there.

 

From middle school, we already start thinking about entrance exams. High school entrance, then university entrance—it feels like a long path that is already decided early. Exams quietly decide where you can go next.

 

What makes it feel different is that pressure is often internal. Teachers don’t always push aggressively, but expectations are clear. Students are supposed to manage themselves, study consistently, and not fall behind.

 

There is also something about rankings that people don’t say directly. Schools don’t always announce them publicly, but everyone still knows who is doing well.

It spreads in indirect ways.

 

I think this system reflects how Japan values order and balance. Open competition might disturb harmony, so it becomes less visible. But the structure is still there, shaping choices.

 

Sometimes it feels like you are moving along a track that is already set. If you miss one step, it’s hard to return.

 

Even though it looks quiet, the competition is real. It just doesn’t make noise.

INDONESIA

Issue 001

Unrecorded Voices Historical events, communities, stories left forgotten.

Children in Palm Oil Plantation Areas

Ayu Lestari, 10th Grade

Palm oil is everywhere in Indonesia. It’s in food, cosmetics, and many daily products. People say it helps the economy grow. But where my uncle lives, near a plantation, I saw a different side of that story.

There are children who grow up around these plantations. Some of them don’t go to school regularly. Instead, they help their families with work or stay at home because schools are too far away. This isn’t something people often talk about when discussing development.

I remember visiting once during a school break. The area looked quiet, almost peaceful. But when I spoke to kids my age, I realized their lives were very different from mine. One boy told me he only goes to school a few times a week.

He didn’t seem upset about it. It was just normal for him.

In Indonesian culture, family responsibility is important. Children are expected to help when needed. It’s not always seen as a problem. But at the same time, it can limit their future opportunities.

Another issue is environmental change. Forests are cleared to make space for plantations. This affects local communities, including indigenous groups. Their way of life slowly disappears, but their stories are rarely heard outside their region.

I think these are “unrecorded voices” because they are far from cities. Most people don’t see them, so they don’t think about them. The focus stays on economic benefits, not on everyday struggles.

It feels strange that something so big can hide so many small stories. Maybe it’s easier not to notice. But those children are still there, growing up in a system they didn’t choose.

Their voices are quiet, but they exist, and they deserve attention too.

THAILAND

Issue 003

The Competitive State: Exams and rankings as national tools

Inequality Behind Exam Systems

Krit Ana, 10th Grade

My exams are always important, but the experience can be different depending on where I am.

 

Students in big cities usually have more resources; better schools, extra classes, and more support. In rural areas, it’s not always the same.

 

There are national exams that students take, and results affect university admission. On paper, it looks like everyone has the same chance.

 

But in reality, preparation is not equal. Some students have access to tutoring and materials, while others don’t.

 

Because of this, rankings can reflect background as much as ability. It’s something people don’t always say directly, but many students feel it.

 

Competition exists, but it doesn’t feel fair to everyone. Some students try very hard but still fall behind because of their situation.

 

I think this shows that exams are not only about testing knowledge. They are also connected to larger social conditions.

 

The system continues, but not everyone experiences it in the same way.

That difference is something that should be noticed more.

Issue 001

Unrecorded Voices Historical events, communities, stories left forgotten.

Migrant Workers from Neighboring Countries

Narin Chaiyaporn, 11th Grade

It is common to see migrant workers from countries like Myanmar or Cambodia.

They work in construction, fishing, or restaurants. People depend on their labor, but not many people really think about their lives.

 

I started noticing this when I saw workers near a construction site close to my school. They were there every day, doing physically hard work. But they seemed invisible, like part of the background.

 

Many of these workers come to Thailand for better income. But their working conditions are often difficult. Some don’t have proper legal status, which makes it harder for them to ask for fair treatment. If something goes wrong, they may not have anyone to speak for them.

 

In Thai society, there is a clear social distance between locals and migrant workers. People don’t always treat them equally. Sometimes it’s not open discrimination, but more like quiet separation.

 

What makes this an “unrecorded voice” is that their stories are not shared widely.

People know they exist, but they don’t know their names or experiences. They are seen as workers, not individuals.

 

From an East Asian and Southeast Asian perspective, hierarchy and social order can influence how people interact. Those in lower positions may feel they should not question authority. This creates silence.

 

I think about how difficult it must be to live in a different country, doing hard work, without being fully accepted. It’s something I didn’t consider before.

 

These workers help support the economy, but their voices are rarely included in conversations about society. Maybe noticing them is the first step toward change.

PHILIPPINES

Issue 001

Unrecorded Voices Historical events, communities, stories left forgotten.

Migrant Workers from Neighboring Countries

Narin Chaiyaporn, 11th Grade

It is common to see migrant workers from countries like Myanmar or Cambodia.

They work in construction, fishing, or restaurants. People depend on their labor, but not many people really think about their lives.

 

I started noticing this when I saw workers near a construction site close to my school. They were there every day, doing physically hard work. But they seemed invisible, like part of the background.

 

Many of these workers come to Thailand for better income. But their working conditions are often difficult. Some don’t have proper legal status, which makes it harder for them to ask for fair treatment. If something goes wrong, they may not have anyone to speak for them.

 

In Thai society, there is a clear social distance between locals and migrant workers. People don’t always treat them equally. Sometimes it’s not open discrimination, but more like quiet separation.

 

What makes this an “unrecorded voice” is that their stories are not shared widely.

People know they exist, but they don’t know their names or experiences. They are seen as workers, not individuals.

 

From an East Asian and Southeast Asian perspective, hierarchy and social order can influence how people interact. Those in lower positions may feel they should not question authority. This creates silence.

 

I think about how difficult it must be to live in a different country, doing hard work, without being fully accepted. It’s something I didn’t consider before.

 

These workers help support the economy, but their voices are rarely included in conversations about society. Maybe noticing them is the first step toward change.

SINGAPORE

Issue 003

The Competitive State: Exams and rankings as national tools

Efficiency and Early Sorting

Gia Lim, 11th Grade

Education feels very organized. From primary school, students already take major exams that affect their future paths.

 

One example is the Primary School Leaving Examination. It decides which secondary school a student can enter. This happens at a relatively young age.

 

Because of this, competition starts early. Students prepare carefully, and schools focus on results. It feels structured, almost planned.

 

Ranking is not hidden. Scores determine placement, and different academic tracks are created based on performance. It is seen as efficient.

I think this reflects how Singapore values planning and results. The system tries to match students with suitable paths quickly.

 

At the same time, it can feel limiting. Once you are placed in a certain track, changing direction is not easy.

 

There have been efforts to reduce stress and make the system more flexible. But exams still play a central role.

 

For many students, competition is something they get used to early. It becomes normal, even if it feels heavy sometimes.

VIETNAM

Issue 002

Lessons After War: How postwar history shaped discipline and schooling. Memory

Education and National Pride

Nguyen Lan Anh, 10th Grade

In Vietnam, history classes often focus on resistance and survival. The Vietnam War is one of the most important topics we study.

 

What I notice is that discipline in school is closely linked to respect for this history. Teachers expect students to pay attention and take lessons seriously, especially when learning about war.

There is a strong sense of national pride. Students are taught that previous generations sacrificed a lot, so we should value education and work hard. This creates a kind of motivation, but also pressure.

 

In class, students usually listen quietly. It is not common to challenge teachers or express different opinions. Respect is more important than debate.

 

We also celebrate certain days related to the war. These events are organized carefully, and students participate in an orderly way. It feels like part of learning discipline through shared memory.

 

At times, I feel that this approach leaves less space for personal interpretation.

We learn a clear narrative, and there is not much discussion beyond that.

 

Still, I understand why it is important. War shaped the country, and education reflects that.

 

Even now, the influence of war can be seen in how students behave, how teachers teach, and how history is remembered in everyday school life.

CAMBODIA

Issue 002

Lessons After War: How postwar history shaped discipline and schooling. Memory

Silence in the Classroom

Sokha Dara, 11th Grade

The past is heavy, but not always openly discussed. The period of the Khmer Rouge Regime caused deep trauma, and its effects are still present today.

 

In school, we do learn about this history, but not in great detail. Sometimes it feels like something people are careful about.

 

Discipline in the classroom is strict, but also quiet. Students rarely speak unless asked. It is not only about respect—it feels like a habit of avoiding saying the wrong thing.

 

I notice that older generations don’t always talk about their experiences. This silence seems to pass down to students as well.

 

Because of this, education feels controlled in a different way. It is not only about rules, but also about what is not said.

 

At the same time, schools emphasize stability and order. After such a violent past, maybe this is seen as necessary.

 

For me, this creates mixed feelings. I want to understand more, but there are limits to how much is discussed.

 

War is not only remembered through stories, but also through silence. That silence shapes how we learn and how we behave in school.

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